Masonic Landmarks

Masonic landmarks are a set of principles that many Freemasons claim to be ancient and unchangeable precepts of Masonry.

Issues of the "regularity" of a Freemasonic Lodge, Grand Lodge or Grand Orient are judged in the context of the landmarks.

Because each Grand Lodge is self-governing, with no single body exercising authority over the whole of Freemasonry, the interpretations of these principles can and do vary, leading to controversies of recognition. Different Masonic jurisdictions have different landmarks

The first major attempt to define the landmarks of Freemasonry was in 1858, when Mackey defined 25 landmarks in total:

1. The fraternal modes of recognition
2. The division of Masonry into 3 symbolic degrees
3. The Legend of Hiram Abiff
4. The authority and governance of a Grand Master
5. The prerogative of the Grand Master to preside over an assembly of the Craft
6. The prerogative of the Grand Master to issue dispensations for holding Lodge at irregular times
7. The prerogative of the Grand Master to issue dispensations for holding Lodge in irregular places
8. The prerogative of the Grand Master to make Masons at Sight
9. The necessity for Masons to congregate in Lodges
10. The government of Lodges to be by a Master and two Wardens
11. The necessity that every Lodge when congregated to be tiled
12. The right of every Mason to be represented in all general meetings of the Craft
13. The right of every Mason to appeal from his Lodge's decisions to the Grand Lodge
14. The right of every Mason to sit in every regular Lodge
15. That no unknown visitor be allowed to sit in Lodge without being examined and found to be a Freemason
16. That no Lodge can interfere in the business of another Lodge
17. That every Freemason be amenable to the laws and regulations of the Jurisdiction in which he resides
18. That candidates for Freemasonry be required to meet certain qualifications; namely: being of mature age, not a cripple, and free born.
19. That a belief in the existence of God be a requirement for membership
20. That belief in a resurrection to a future life be a requirement for membership
21. That a "Book of the Law" shall constitute an indispensable part of the furniture of every Lodge
22. The equality of Masons ("The monarch, the nobleman, or the gentleman is entitles to all the influence...which rightly belong to his position.")
23. The secrecy of the Institution
24. The foundation of a speculative science upon an operative art
25. That none of these landmarks can be changed.

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